Are your fish gasping for air, or just hanging beneath the surface? If they're gasping, then it's most likely a serious problem - either lack of oxygen or perhaps dirty or chemically-maladjusted water.
After a 20% or so water change last week, my fish spent some time hanging at the surface. Not gasping and not appearing to be in distress, but just hanging below the surface. The next day, they were back down where they usually are.
I don't know why they were at the surface... Perhaps the new water hurt them... I didn't use de-chlor because 20% wasn't much new water. But maybe there was enough chlorine to hurt the fish's gills. Or maybe they were just eating something that was at the top of the water.
I did end up with one fish dead, for no apparent reason.