I was going to suggest mating / spawning, too, since that's when they are the jumpingest.
When the water is cold, I can't imagine why they would be jumping. In fact, I am so confident that mine won't jump that I went and uncovered the pond, so I can see it in all it's wire mesh-free beauty, for a change.
Could a bird (heron) be catching the fish, sluggish from cold, becoming frightened, and dropping them into the skimmer?