Having owned a couple of concrete ponds, I can safely say that you don't need to wait a year to put in fish.
One pond we used a pool coating - the same grout that they finish off pools with. In about two weeks it had been coated by algae, and there was no problem.
Another pond, we painted it with one of the commercial coatings that you paint on. It was black. It also was covered in algae in about two weeks. The paint-on was less satisfactory, because the paint bubbled up after about a year.
If I ever build another concrete pond, I'm going back to the pool finish.
But either way, as soon as algae coated the sides and bottom, it was safe for fish.